IJIET 2026 Vol.16(8): 2265-2278
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.8.2685
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.8.2685
Enhancing Automotive Vocational Skills through Augmented Reality: A Case Study on Front-wheel Drive Powertrain Learning
Muslim 1,*, Donny Fernandez 1, Nuzul Hidayat 1, Doni Tri Putra Yanto 2,
Rido Putra 2, Hsu-Chan Kuo 3, Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Ruslan 4, and
Volodymyr Tymofiiv 5
1. Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
3. Engineering and Design, Center for Teacher Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
4. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
5. Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Aeronautics, Technical University of Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
Email: muslim@ft.unp.ac.id (M.); donnyfernandez@ft.unp.ac.id (D.F.); nuzulhidayat@ft.unp.ac.id (N.H.); donitriputra@ft.unp.ac.id (D.T.P.Y.); rido_putera@unp.ac.id (R.P.); kentcre8@mail.ncku.edu.tw (H.-C.K.); syafiqhazwan@uitm.edu.my (M.S.H.R.); volodymyr.tymofiiv@tuke.sk (V.T.)
*Corresponding author
2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
3. Engineering and Design, Center for Teacher Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
4. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
5. Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Aeronautics, Technical University of Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
Email: muslim@ft.unp.ac.id (M.); donnyfernandez@ft.unp.ac.id (D.F.); nuzulhidayat@ft.unp.ac.id (N.H.); donitriputra@ft.unp.ac.id (D.T.P.Y.); rido_putera@unp.ac.id (R.P.); kentcre8@mail.ncku.edu.tw (H.-C.K.); syafiqhazwan@uitm.edu.my (M.S.H.R.); volodymyr.tymofiiv@tuke.sk (V.T.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received January 26, 2026; revised February 25, 2026; accepted March 23, 2026; published August 21, 2026
Abstract—This study examined the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) as an instructional medium for enhancing technical skills in automotive vocational education, with a focus on Front-Wheel Drive (FWD) powertrain learning. A quantitative research design based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was employed to examine technology acceptance and its relationship with skill enhancement. Data were collected from 164 automotive engineering students through questionnaires measuring Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Behavioral Intention, and Skill Enhancement. In addition, objective rubric-based practical assessments involving 30 students were conducted to compare learning outcomes between an AR-based experimental group and a conventional control group. The results indicated that Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy significantly influenced Behavioral Intention, which in turn strongly predicted skill enhancement. Students in the AR group also demonstrated higher practical performance scores compared with those in the conventional learning group. Overall, the findings indicate that AR-supported learning can effectively enhance automotive engineering students’ practical skills in automotive powertrain education.
Keywords—augmented reality, front-wheel drive powertrain, skill enhancement, vocational education, engineering education
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—augmented reality, front-wheel drive powertrain, skill enhancement, vocational education, engineering education
Cite: Muslim, Donny Fernandez, Nuzul Hidayat, Doni Tri Putra Yanto, Rido Putra, Hsu-Chan Kuo, Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Ruslan, and Volodymyr Tymofiiv, "Enhancing Automotive Vocational Skills through Augmented Reality: A Case Study on Front-wheel Drive Powertrain Learning," International Journal of Information and Education Technology, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 2265-2278, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).