IJIET 2026 Vol.16(9): 2336-2348
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.9.2692
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.9.2692
Development of a Technology-enhanced Learning Model to Enhance Teachers’ Critical Thinking through Professional and Pedagogical Competencies: A Comparative Study in Indonesia and Malaysia
Muhammad Iqbal Birsyada 1,*, Fahruddin 1, Esti Setiawati 2, Palupi Sri Wijayanti 3,
Suyitno 4, Siti Zahrah Binti Mahfood 5, Nurul Asyikin Binti Hassan 5, and
Yusri Bin Kamin 6
1. Department of Historical Education, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2. Master of Social Studies Program, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3. Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4. Department of Vocational Education of Automotive Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, Purworejo, Indonesia
5. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia
6. Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Email: iqbal@upy.ac.id (M.I.B.); fahruddin@upy.ac.id (F.); esti@upy.ac.id (E.S.); palupi@upy.ac.id (P.S.W.); yitno@umpwr.ac.id (S.); zahrah@fsk.upsi.edu.my (S.Z.B.M.); nurulasyikin.h@fsk.upsi.edu.my (N.A.B.H.); p-yusri@utm.my (Y.B.K.)
*Corresponding author
2. Master of Social Studies Program, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3. Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4. Department of Vocational Education of Automotive Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, Purworejo, Indonesia
5. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia
6. Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Email: iqbal@upy.ac.id (M.I.B.); fahruddin@upy.ac.id (F.); esti@upy.ac.id (E.S.); palupi@upy.ac.id (P.S.W.); yitno@umpwr.ac.id (S.); zahrah@fsk.upsi.edu.my (S.Z.B.M.); nurulasyikin.h@fsk.upsi.edu.my (N.A.B.H.); p-yusri@utm.my (Y.B.K.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received August 22, 2025; revised October 9, 2025; accepted April 2, 2026; published September 10, 2026
Abstract—This study aims to develop and validate an integrated mobile-computer-based learning model that enhances teachers’ critical thinking by strengthening their professional and pedagogical competencies. Using a Research and Development (R&D) methodology guided by the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) framework, the study also adopted iterative refinement principles from Design-Based Research (DBR). The model was implemented in four schools in Indonesia and one in Malaysia through a limited trial (N = 60) and a large-scale trial (N = 240). The final product, a customized and responsive Moodle-based Learning Management System (LMS) accessible via both mobile and desktop devices, includes a modular learning path, a cross-country collaborative forum, digital assessment tools, and a portfolio builder, all supported by integrated learning analytics. Expert validation in both countries indicated high content relevance and cross-context suitability, indicating strong content relevance and cross-cultural applicability. Statistically significant improvements were observed in teachers’ critical thinking scores, with mean gains of approximately +14 points in both countries. While these findings suggest consistent improvements, they should be interpreted with caution given the absence of a control group. The study contributes a replicable, technology-enhanced professional development model that is adaptable to educational contexts with similar infrastructure and teacher competency development needs.
Keywords—critical thinking, professional competence, pedagogical competence, mobile learning, computer-based learning
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—critical thinking, professional competence, pedagogical competence, mobile learning, computer-based learning
Cite: Muhammad Iqbal Birsyada, Fahruddin, Esti Setiawati, Palupi Sri Wijayanti, Suyitno, Siti Zahrah Binti Mahfood, Nurul Asyikin Binti Hassan, and Yusri Bin Kamin, "Development of a Technology-enhanced Learning Model to Enhance Teachers’ Critical Thinking through Professional and Pedagogical Competencies: A Comparative Study in Indonesia and Malaysia," International Journal of Information and Education Technology, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 2336-2348, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).