Abstract—The virtual and digital learning process seems to
hugely impact academic achievement due to the COVID-19
outbreak, globally. Thus, improving student performance is one
of the important focuses of educational management. Mapping
students’ actual conditions is a mandatory requirement before
designing the performance improvement program. Therefore,
this study proposed a statistical investigation to map out
students’ performance and the problems they encountered
during online learning using Multiple Correspondence Analysis
(MCA), revealing the hidden pattern and classifying students
based on their demographics (programs, CGPA, and origin) and
learning environments. The data samples consist of 234
undergraduate students in the Department of Mathematics,
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan
Sultan Idris (UPSI). The study findings formed from two
different profiles where each profile has its respective categories.
The study found that the students of the Bachelor of Education
(Mathematics) with Honour, categorized as smart students,
preferred to study face-to-face because of poor internet
connection from using mobile data. On the other hand, the
students of the Bachelor of Science (Mathematics) with
Education, who were categorized as average students, had no
difficulty continuing either synchronous or asynchronous online
learning in the future because of stable internet access using
their home Wi-Fi connection. Moreover, the preference made
was also due to family interruption issues.
Index Terms—Mapping, academic performance, learning
environment, multiple correspondence analysis.
Ainil Fauzani Rosmadi, Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin, Murugan Rajoo,
and Rawdah Adawiyah Tarmizi are with Department of Mathematics,
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
Malaysia.
Mohd Saiful Samsudin is with Environmental Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
*Correspondence: shazlyn@fsmt.upsi.edu.my
Cite: Ainil Fauzani Rosmadi, Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin*, Murugan Rajoo, Rawdah Adawiyah Tarmizi, and Mohd Saiful Samsudin, "Mapping of Students’ Academic Performance in Online Learning Environment during Pandemic Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis," International Journal of Information and Education Technology vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 114-120, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).