IJIET 2026 Vol.16(4): 864-873
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.4.2558
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.4.2558
Psychometric Evaluation of the Foreign Language Learner Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for English Argumentative Writing
Lei Zhang1, Samah Ali Mohsen Mofreh1,*, Qian Sun2, and Sultan Salem3
1. School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
2. College of Foreign Languages, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
3. Department of Economics, Birmingham Business School, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Email: zhanglei@student.usm.my (L.Z.); samahmofreh@usm.my (S.A.M.M.); sunny8094@163.com (Q.S.); s.salem@bham.ac.uk (S.S.)
*Corresponding author
2. College of Foreign Languages, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
3. Department of Economics, Birmingham Business School, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Email: zhanglei@student.usm.my (L.Z.); samahmofreh@usm.my (S.A.M.M.); sunny8094@163.com (Q.S.); s.salem@bham.ac.uk (S.S.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received September 10, 2025; revised September 29, 2025; accepted November 24, 2025; published April 10, 2026
Abstract—Recent academic work has highlighted the need for a valid and trustworthy tool to assess Chinese undergraduates’ self-efficacy in English argumentative writing. To tackle the challenge posed by the shortage of relevant tools, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of a newly adapted questionnaire, called Foreign Language Learner Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for English Argumentative Writing (FLLSEQEAW), using the Rasch model. The research included 563 undergraduate students from a key provincial university in northern China. The data were analyzed to check the questionnaire’s psychometric quality. The findings confirm that the FLLSEQEAW is a unidimensional and psychometrically sound instrument. The study also acknowledges limitations and proposes future studies to gather further evidence of its validity.
Keywords—psychometric evaluation, self-efficacy, English argumentative writing
[Supplementary]
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—psychometric evaluation, self-efficacy, English argumentative writing
[Supplementary]
Cite: Lei Zhang, Samah Ali Mohsen Mofreh, Qian Sun, and Sultan Salem, "Psychometric Evaluation of the Foreign Language Learner Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for English Argumentative Writing," International Journal of Information and Education Technology, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 864-873, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).