IJIET 2026 Vol.16(4): 853-863
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.4.2557
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2026.16.4.2557
Understanding AI-Assisted Learning Acceptance Among Vocational Students: An AIDUA Model Approach
Jian-Hong Ye1, Xiantong Yang2,*, Belle Li3, Weiguaju Nong4,
Jon-Chao Hong5, and
Li Wang6
1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
2. School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
3. Department of Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
4. School of Education, Guangxi University of Foreign Languages, Nanning, China
5. Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
6. School of Education and Music, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
Email: kimpo30107@hotmail.com (J.-H.Y.); xtyang@fjnu.edu.cn (X.Y.); li4808@purdue.edu (B.L.); weiguaju.nong@hotmail.com (W.N.); tcdahong@gmail.com (J.-C.H.); 1400818342@qq.com (L.W.)
*Corresponding author
2. School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
3. Department of Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
4. School of Education, Guangxi University of Foreign Languages, Nanning, China
5. Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
6. School of Education and Music, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
Email: kimpo30107@hotmail.com (J.-H.Y.); xtyang@fjnu.edu.cn (X.Y.); li4808@purdue.edu (B.L.); weiguaju.nong@hotmail.com (W.N.); tcdahong@gmail.com (J.-C.H.); 1400818342@qq.com (L.W.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received September 7, 2025; revised October 9, 2025; accepted November 12, 2025; published April 10, 2026
Abstract—This study addresses a significant gap in the empirical research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) acceptance in education by introducing AI hallucinations as a pivotal, underexplored factor. Grounded in the AI Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model, our research extends the framework to investigate how AI hallucinations, alongside anthropomorphism, influence students’ acceptance process. This study employed a convenience sampling strategy to survey students from Chinese vocational colleges with prior AI experience. A hypothetical model was constructed across the three stages of the AIDUA framework (primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and outcome stage), and was validated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate that AI anthropomorphism and AI-generated hallucinations act as key antecedents in the primary appraisal stage. These factors are subsequently linked to AI use anxiety and trust during the secondary appraisal. Ultimately, anxiety and trust significantly correlate with satisfaction and the intention to continue using AI. The model showed strong explanatory power, with all 11 hypotheses supported and an R² of 0.76 for continued use intention, underscoring the critical role of the included variables. The primary theoretical contribution is the formal integration of AI hallucinations into the AIDUA model. Practically, this insight aids educators and developers in enhancing AI implementation by mitigating factors that erode trust and satisfaction.
Keywords—Artificial Intelligence Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model, anthropomorphism, Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), continued intention, hallucinations, satisfaction, trust, use anxiety
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—Artificial Intelligence Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model, anthropomorphism, Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), continued intention, hallucinations, satisfaction, trust, use anxiety
Cite: Jian-Hong Ye, Xiantong Yang, Belle Li, Weiguaju Nong, Jon-Chao Hong, and Li Wang, "Understanding AI-Assisted Learning Acceptance Among Vocational Students: An AIDUA Model Approach," International Journal of Information and Education Technology, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 853-863, 2026.
Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).