IJIET 2025 Vol.15(7): 1377-1383
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.7.2339
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.7.2339
Development and Initial Psychometric Properties of Digital Literacy and Resilience Scale among University Students
Ketut Susiani1,*, Kadek Suranata2, I Kadek Suartama3, I Made Satyawan4,
I Putu Agus Apriliana5, and
Abu Yazid Abu Bakar6
1. Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
2. Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
3. Department of Educational Technology Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
4. Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Sports and Health, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
5. Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia
6. Departement of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: ketut.susiani@undiksha.ac.id (K.S.); kadek.suranata@undiksha.ac.id (K.S.); ik-suartama@undiksha.ac.id (I.K.S.); made.satyawan@undiksha.ac.id (I.M.S.); i.putu.agus.apriliana@staf.undana.ac.id (I.P.A.A.); yazid3338@ukm.edu.my (A.Y.A.B.)
*Corresponding author
2. Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
3. Department of Educational Technology Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
4. Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Sports and Health, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia
5. Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia
6. Departement of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: ketut.susiani@undiksha.ac.id (K.S.); kadek.suranata@undiksha.ac.id (K.S.); ik-suartama@undiksha.ac.id (I.K.S.); made.satyawan@undiksha.ac.id (I.M.S.); i.putu.agus.apriliana@staf.undana.ac.id (I.P.A.A.); yazid3338@ukm.edu.my (A.Y.A.B.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received October 28, 2024; revised November 22, 2024; accepted January 20, 2025; published July 8, 2025
Abstract—Technological developments in all dimensions of life demand digital capabilities and resilience, especially for students in universities. This study developed and evaluated a scale to measure digital literacy and resilience among university students. The study comprised 864 participants, including both undergraduate and postgraduate students, with a mean age of 22.13 years. The study included 864 participants, comprising both undergraduate and postgraduate students, with a mean age of 22.13 years. Participants consisted of 34% men and 66% women, with representatives from Indonesia (67.6%), Malaysia (20.5 %), and Timor-Leste. These participants represented several countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). We conducted the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedures to validate the Exploratory Factor analysis and found five factors for digital literacy and four factors for digital resilience. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.91 and 0.88, respectively, show strong internal consistency, correlation values for digital literacy range from 0.533 to 0.765, and correlation values for digital resilience range from 0.324 to 0.586. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the models for digital resilience and digital literacy needed to lose a few items in order to fit well. This left 27 valid and reliable items across both constructs. The findings contribute to the understanding of digital competence and resilience, providing a valuable tool for educators and policymakers to assess and improve undergraduate students’ digital readiness.
Keywords—digital literacy, digital resilience, university students, 21st skill
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—digital literacy, digital resilience, university students, 21st skill
Cite: Ketut Susiani, Kadek Suranata, I Kadek Suartama, I Made Satyawan, I Putu Agus Apriliana, and Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, "Development and Initial Psychometric Properties of Digital Literacy and Resilience Scale among University Students," International Journal of Information and Education Technology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1377-1383, 2025.
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).