IJIET 2025 Vol.15(7): 1496-1511
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.7.2351
doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.7.2351
The Use of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to Analyze Students’ Behavioral Interests in Utilizing Gemini AI
Riza Yonisa Kurniawan1,*, Alayya Izza Mahfudhoh1, Suci Rohayati1, Retno Mustika Dewi1,
Putri Ulfa Kamalia1, and
Mohamad Zuber Abd Majid2
1. Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
2. Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
Email: rizakurniawan@unesa.ac.id (R.Y.K.); alayya.23200@mhs.unesa.ac.id (A.I.M.); sucirohayati@unesa.ac.id (S.R.); retnomustika@unesa.ac.id (R.M.D.); putrikamalia@unesa.ac.id (P.U.K.); mzuber@ukm.edu.my (M.Z.A.M.)
*Corresponding author
2. Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
Email: rizakurniawan@unesa.ac.id (R.Y.K.); alayya.23200@mhs.unesa.ac.id (A.I.M.); sucirohayati@unesa.ac.id (S.R.); retnomustika@unesa.ac.id (R.M.D.); putrikamalia@unesa.ac.id (P.U.K.); mzuber@ukm.edu.my (M.Z.A.M.)
*Corresponding author
Manuscript received January 6, 2025; revised February 6, 2025; accepted March 7, 2025; published July 18, 2025
Abstract—The field of education in Indonesia is currently undergoing a significant transformation due to the rapid advancement of technology. One notable product of this technological progress is the integration of artificial intelligence, particularly in the form of chatbots like Google Gemini, which offers instant responses, professional advice, and free access. This study aims to identify the various aspects that influence behavioral interest in using Gemini AI through the application of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The study employed purposive sampling to select 240 student users of Gemini AI from the Economics Education program at Universities in East Java, Indonesia. SmartPLS version 4 was used as the statistical analysis technique to analyze the data collected. The results of this study showed that Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions do not significantly affect Behavioral Intention or Use Behavior in adopting Gemini AI, while Behavioral Intention has a significant positive effect on Use Behavior. Additionally, Gender moderates the effect of Social Influence on Behavioral Intention, and Experience moderates the effect of Facilitating Conditions on Use Behavior.
Keywords—artificial intelligence, behavioral intention, Gemini Artificial Intelligence (AI), students, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Keywords—artificial intelligence, behavioral intention, Gemini Artificial Intelligence (AI), students, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
Cite: Riza Yonisa Kurniawan, Alayya Izza Mahfudhoh, Suci Rohayati, Retno Mustika Dewi, Putri Ulfa Kamalia, and Mohamad Zuber Abd Majid, "The Use of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to Analyze Students’ Behavioral Interests in Utilizing Gemini AI," International Journal of Information and Education Technology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1496-1511, 2025.
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).